Impact Of Inhalational Anesthetics On Respiratory System

Abstract

Inhalational anaesthetics, commonly used in general anaesthesia, profoundly impact respiratory function and lung mechanics. These agents depress the central nervous system, including the respiratory centres in the brainstem, leading to reduced breathing rate and depth. This suppression results in diminished tidal volume, reduced inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, and potentially decreased functional residual capacity. The central nervous system depression also weakens airway reflexes such as coughing, gagging, and swallowing, increasing the risk of airway obstruction and aspiration. Additionally, inhalational anaesthetics can impair gas exchange, causing lower oxygen levels (hypoxemia) and elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia). Respiratory complications during surgery may include hypoxia, bronchospasm, and impaired ventilation, especially in patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions. To manage these risks, continuous monitoring of respiratory parameters, preoperative assessment, and effective airway management are crucial. This paper reviews the effects of inhalational anaesthetics on respiratory function and outlines strategies for minimising associated risks during surgical procedures