Abstract
This study assessed the effect of calcium supplementation from dairy vs. calcium carbonate sources on calcium (Ca) retention in overweight and obese adolescent boys and girls. Twenty-three girls (BMI 33 ± 5 kg/m2) and seventeen boys (BMI 28 ± 5 kg/m2), aged 12–15 years, participated in two 3-week controlled feeding trials, separated by a 3-week washout period. Each subject consumed a controlled basal diet during both trials that provided their individualized energy need and 778 ± 147 mg Ca/day. Using a two period crossover design, subjects received no additional Ca in a soy-based product (Control) during one 3-week testing period and were randomized to receive an additional 675 mg Ca/day as dairy Ca (Dairy) or Ca carbonate (CC) in the other testing period. Ca intake and source of Ca were manipulated through a frozen product consumed twice each day. All urine and feces were collected during each 3-week period. Diet, fecal, and urine samples were each pooled for 24-hour periods and measured for Ca content by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry. Subjects retained (intake-feces-urine) more (p<0.0001) Ca when they consumed the higher Ca product (552 ± 213 mg Ca/day for the CC group and 578 ± 221 mg Ca/day for the Dairy group) compared to the lower Ca period (296 ± 169 mg Ca/day for Control). Thus, doubling Ca intake through either dairy or Ca carbonate supplementation led to a nearly two-fold increase in Ca retention. The proportion of intake retained (~38%) during pubertal growth in obese adolescents was not dependent on Ca intake, as observed in adults. Supported by NIH DK066108, National Dairy Council and test products were a gift from The Schwan Food Company.
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