Impact of hypertension on health-related quality of life among different age subgroups in Shanghai: the subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot analysis.

Abstract

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of hypertension on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among different age subgroups of people in Shanghai using subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) methodology. We utilized data from the fifth Health Service Survey of Shanghai, 2013, which utilizes a cross-sectional study design. The participants were selected into the survey by using a three-stage, stratified, random sampling method. HRQoL was evaluated by the EuroQol five-dimensional 3 level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, and the EuroQol-visual analog scales (EQ-VAS) score was the main outcome. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model adjusted for socio-demographic covariates was used to determine the effect of hypertension on HRQoL. STEPP analysis was performed to explore the effect of hypertension within overlapping age subpopulations. Subgroup analyses for gender were conducted for the main outcome. A total of 28,730 residents who were 18 years or older were included in our study. The results of the multivariate GEE model showed that hypertension negatively affected HRQoL in the study population (estimate = -1.85, p < 0.0001). According to the STEPP analysis, we found that the EQ-VAS score in the hypertension group was lower than that in non-hypertension group for every age group. Additionally, the results of subgroup analyses indicated that the difference of score between two groups was larger among young women. When compared to respondents without hypertension, respondents with hypertension experienced lower HRQoL regardless of gender or any range of age. Furthermore, the impact of hypertension on HRQoL of young women might be more obvious.