Impact of hydrochar and biochar amendments on sorption and biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides during transport through Danube alluvial sediment

Abstract

This work investigates the transport behaviour of selected organophosphorus pesticides, OPPs (chlorpyrifos, CP; chlorpyrifos-methyl, CPM; chlorfenvinphos, CF) through Danube alluvial sediment in the presence of hydrochars and biochars. The investigated hydrochar, obtained at three different temperatures (180 °C, 200 °Cand 220 °C), originated from sugar beet shreds (SBS) and Miscanthus×giganteus (MIS). Results are described by conventional advective-dispersive equation (ADE). Retardation coefficients (Rd) for all OPPs were in the range 6.2–16. Biodegradation was 4.15 and 1.80 for CPM and CP, respectively, while for CF biodegradation did not occur. The addition of carbon rich materials increases retardation of all OPPs in the range from 4 to 18 times depending on the material. Column experiment results indicated that biodegradation of OPPs occurred (up to λ = 13). In order to confirm that biodegradation occurred in the column experiments, we isolated OPPs degrading microorganisms for the first time from the alluvial sediment. A strain capable of degrading CP and CPM was isolated and identified as Bacillus megaterium BD5 based on biochemical properties, MALDI TOF and 16S rRNA analysis (99.54% identity). The results demonstrate that hydrochars, biochars and isolated degrading bacteria may be effective agents for reducing the mobility of or removing OPPs in contaminated soils or sediments.