Abstract
In this work, the impact of radiofrequency radiation leakage from microwave ovens and its effect on 802.15.4 ZigBee-compliant wireless sensor networks operating in the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band is analyzed. By means of a novel radioplanning approach, based on electromagnetic field simulation of a microwave oven and determination of equivalent radiation sources applied to an in-house developed 3D ray launching algorithm, estimation of the microwave oven's power leakage is obtained for the complete volume of an indoor scenario. The magnitude and the variable nature of the interference is analyzed and the impact in the radio link quality in operating wireless sensors is estimated and compared with radio channel measurements as well as packet measurements. The measurement results reveal the importance of selecting an adequate 802.15.4 channel, as well as the Wireless Sensor Network deployment strategy within this type of environment, in order to optimize energy consumption and increase the overall network performance. The proposed method enables one to estimate potential interference effects in devices operating within the 2.4 GHz band in the complete scenario, prior to wireless sensor network deployment, which can aid in achieving the most optimal network topology.
Highlights
Nowadays microwave ovens are very popular and can be found in almost every home and building.The heating source of these residential microwave ovens is based on a magnetron tube
The generated electromagnetic field does not remain in the oven’s cavity, due to the fact that there are losses due mainly to power leakage from around the microwave oven’s front door [1,2,3,4]. This leakage can be considered in practical terms as an interference source in the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band [5,6], depending strongly on the reflection coefficient and filtering properties of the metallic mesh embedded in the microwave oven door, which exhibit a frequency-dependent response
There is a wide variety of communication systems and protocols, such as digital radio communication systems, Bluetooth, 802.11 and ZigBee that operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band which can be potentially interfered by the power leakage of microwave ovens [7,8,9,10]
Summary
Nowadays microwave ovens are very popular and can be found in almost every home and building. 2.4 GHz ISM in the presence of microwave ovens, since this interference can completely block services provided by such wireless systems This effect is becoming more relevant due to fact that the number of existing applications based mainly on ZigBee wireless sensor networks operating in the. In this work the coexistence between a ZigBee wireless sensor network, implemented with Digi XBee Pro devices, operating at 2.4 GHz and a real domestic microwave oven has been analyzed, following a novel simulation approach in order to characterize the complete indoor scenario. For this purpose, full wave electromagnetic results, obtained with the aid of CST Microwave.
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