Abstract
In this work, the impact of granular activated carbon (GAC) on the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and the structure of microbial communities was investigated. These results demonstrated that GAC supplementation effectively enhanced the consumption of produced organic acids in the mesophilic and thermophilic batch tests, accompanied by faster biomethane production in the presence of GAC than from reactors without GAC. However, since the free ammonia level was 3–6 times higher in the thermophilic reactors, this led to the instability of the anaerobic digestion process of the nitrogen-rich substrate at thermophilic temperatures. Bacteroidia and Clostridia were the two main bacterial classes in the mesophilic reactors, whereas the class Clostridia had a competitive advantage over other groups in the thermophilic systems. The archaeal communities in the mesophilic reactors were mainly represented by representatives of the genera Methanosarcina, Methanobacterium, and Methanotrix, whereas the archaeal communities in the thermophilic reactors were mainly represented by members of the genera Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus, and Methanothermobacter. New data obtained in this research will help control and manage biogas reactors in the presence of GAC at different temperatures.
Highlights
Anaerobic digestion is an environmentally friendly biotechnological process widely used to treat various organic waste materials while reducing waste generation and producing biomethane as a renewable energy source [1,2]
Conclusions genus Methanosarcina dominated in the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors, while strict summary, this research demonstrates thatrole methane produced faster under GAChydrogenotrophic In methanogens played an important in theisthermophilic systems, supplemented conditions. These results show that addition efficiently enhances with a greater prevalence in the granular activated carbon (GAC)-system
The results of the kinetics of methanogenesis the organic acids in the mesophilic and thermophilic batch reactors loaded and the data ondegradation metabolitesofindicate that the addition of conductive carbon material allowed with chicken manure as substrate
Summary
Anaerobic digestion is an environmentally friendly biotechnological process widely used to treat various organic waste materials while reducing waste generation and producing biomethane as a renewable energy source [1,2]. Other benefits associated with the anaerobic digestion include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, recycling nutrients, generating additional income for farmers, and reducing soil and water pollution [3,4]. Despite the validity of the anaerobic digestion process, it is difficult to maintain the anaerobic reactors’ stability because of the instability of pH, the accumulation of toxic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and other important factors [3,5]. To better exploit the benefits of anaerobic digestion technology, active efforts have been made to prevent disturbances and improve energy efficiency using different methods [6,7,8,9]. The digestate can be further used as a bio-fertilizer [1]
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