Abstract
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the survey was to investigate if the grafting type influences the foliar expression of Esca during summer.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and Results:</strong> Observations were conducted on plots distributed in two French winegrowing regions (two different climatic regions) with two varieties (Cabernet-Sauvignon in the Bordeaux region and Mourvèdre in Provence). Three grafting types were compared: Omega graft, Whip and Tongue graft, and full cleft graft. For both varieties, we found a significant effect of the type of grafting on the foliar development of Esca symptoms. Full cleft grafted plots showed a significantly lower percentage of Esca foliar symptoms than the other two modalities, which were not significantly different from one another. Concerning Omega grafted plots, a significant difference in the rate of Esca foliar symptoms was highlighted compared to full cleft grafted plots, with a higher rate on Omega grafted plots, but these plots were also younger.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study established, for the first time, the difference between full cleft field grafted plots and Omega and Whip and Tongue grafted plots, revealing a higher incidence of Esca on the latter types of grafting.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study:</strong> The spread of mechanical graft could be one of the factors explaining the increasing incidence of Esca in vineyard.</p>
Highlights
Grapevine trunk diseases including Eutypa dieback, Esca and Botryosphaeria dieback are among the most destructive diseases affecting established vineyards
Grafting types The study aimed at comparing the influence of one field grafting system, namely full cleft graft, and two table grafting systems, namely Omega graft and Whip and Tongue graft (Figure 1)
Couples or triplets of existing plots were selected in the same farm but with different grafting types, in order to avoid bias linked to vineyard management practices and/or pruning system
Summary
Grapevine trunk diseases including Eutypa dieback, Esca and Botryosphaeria dieback are among the most destructive diseases affecting established vineyards They have been reported in most winegrowing regions over the world and are responsible for loss of productivity and vine death. Since 1990, the incidence of Esca has increased drastically affecting nearly 10 % of French vineyards (Kobès et al, 2005; Bruez et al, 2013) These diseases attack the vine wood: they cause death of spurs, arms, cordons and sometimes entire vines upon wood colonization by various pathogens (Larignon and Dubos, 1997 ; Mugnai et al, 1999 ; Surico et al, 2006 ; Van Niekerk et al, 2006 ; Lecomte et al, 2012). A high volume of inner necrosis may seriously reduce water transport and may impact plant functioning, in particular in water stress conditions
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