Abstract
Nowadays, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in all aspects of our lives. GPS signals are not used only in positioning and navigation applications and services in transport and military, but, thanks to quite precise information about time, also for synchronization of world trade and synchronization of wireless transmitters. However, with the recent spread of location-based services, a large number of GPS jammers had appeared. Use of these jammers is prohibited by law; however, their use is gaining popularity especially in the transport segment since jammers can be used to trick vehicle onboard units and help avoid paying toll fees on highways or avoid tracking of company cars when used privately. In this paper, we will investigate the impact of GPS interference caused by jamming and spoofing on the synchronization of Single Frequency Network (SFN) Digital Video Broadcasting–Terrestrial (DVB-T) transmitters. Since GPS signals are used in the DVB-T SFN to provide synchronization which is crucial for the correct network operation, the interference of GPS signals can cause problems with signal distribution. Thus, signals received from a DVB-T SFN network might be out of synchronization and disrupt the service for users.
Highlights
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning systems are being widely implemented in all areas of our lives
The Digital Video Broadcasting–Terrestrial (DVB-T) modulator is able to detect the problem with Global Positioning System (GPS) signals as can be seen from the yellow label next to GPS input in the web interface of the modulator shown in Figure 9. e yellow colour indicates that the status of the GPS receiver is unlocked; it cannot be used for synchronization of the transmitter
It can be seen that, with increasing time, the SNR, MER, and bit error rate (BER) parameters were negatively affected, and the quality of the received signal was decreasing gradually. e fact that signal parameters are better after 60 minutes from the start of jamming is given by the fact that the transmitter affected by GPS jamming automatically muted the transmission which can be seen from Figure 10 where GPS input, as well as the output of the transmitter, is marked with the red colour. is is given by the fact that the transmitter is set up to mute output in case it lost the time synchronization for a certain period of time, in this case, 60 minutes, in order to avoid interferences in the Single Frequency Network (SFN) broadcasting
Summary
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning systems are being widely implemented in all areas of our lives. GNSS systems are only not used for positioning and navigation purposes anymore and for purposes of time synchronization in different applications. E use of GPS jammers can potentially cause significant problems in various applications, for example, GPS-like signals are used at airports for air traffic control and navigation of planes during critical parts of the flight, like landing procedure for example. Ere have been reported cases when GPS jammer, used to hide the use of company vehicle for personal purposes, has caused disruption of airport services. GPS signals are widely used for time synchronization purposes in wireless networks as well as fixed networks, transport system, and financial transaction systems nowadays. There has been a lot of studies focusing on the detection and mitigation of jamming and spoofing interference on GPS signals. Jamming detection can be performed relatively as jammers transmit signals in the same band as GPS but with a higher amplitude, causing higher error rates in the received data or loss of GPS signals
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