Impact of Genotype, Weather Conditions and Production Technology on the Quantitative Profile of Anti-Nutritive Compounds in Rye Grains

Jerzy Grabiński,Anna Nieróbca,Dariusz Dziki,Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak,Marta Wyzińska,Kinga Stuper-Szablewska,Alicja Sułek

doi:10.3390/agronomy11010151

Abstract

The main anti-nutritive substances present in rye grains include alkylresorcinols, water-soluble pentosans, and trypsin inhibitors. The content of these compounds in the grains can be influenced by genetic factors, habitat conditions and the crop management technology used in cultivation. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of the concentration of anti-nutritive compounds in rye grains depending on the variety, weather conditions and production technology. The field research was conducted at the IUNG-PIB Experimental Station in Osiny (Poland) in three growing seasons 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. The experiment was located on lessive soil, on plots of 45 m2 in three replications. The first factor was the type of production technology (integrated and intensive), while the second was a variety of winter rye. Two hybrid varieties (Brasetto, Visello) and two population varieties (Dańkowskie Diament, Kier) were included. The research showed that the content of anti-nutritive compounds in rye grains depended significantly on the genotype and weather conditions. Stress conditions during the rye growing season in 2011 and 2013 were the cause of higher synthesis of alkylresorcinols, soluble pentosans and trypsin inhibitors in rye grains. The content of alkylresorcinols and water-soluble pentosans also depended significantly on the intensity of the production technology. The higher content of these compounds was found in rye grains from intensive technology. The production technology had no significant impact on the activity of trypsin inhibitors.

Highlights

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal plant commonly grown in northern, central and eastern Europe [1]
The aim of this study was to determine the variability of the concentration of antinutritive compounds in rye grains depending on the variety, weather conditions and production technology
It was found that the content of the anti-dietary substances in rye grains was significantly influenced by genetic factors and weather conditions during the period of field cultivation, i.e., in the years 2010–2013, and in the case of alkylresorcinols and water-soluble pentosans, the production technology was used (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal plant commonly grown in northern, central and eastern Europe [1]. The yield and quality of the rye is influenced by genetic factors and the cultivation conditions used. Particular varieties of rye differ in terms of agricultural characteristics (yielding, resistance to lodging, diseases and pests), as well as the chemical composition and end-use value of the grain. The most commonly cultivated are the population cultivars of rye. They are cultivated and propagated in a traditional way (all stages of reproduction are identical) [3]. These varieties are characterized by a 20–30% higher yield and higher resistance to diseases and lodging, high adaptability, resistance to soil quality, and stressful environmental conditions [4]

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