Abstract

Using original cross-sectional internet survey data from 32 countries covering six continents, we investigated the impact of education gaps between married partners on their health status and sustainable lifestyles using the instrumental variable method. A self-rated health status index, mental health index, and an objective health status index were utilized to assess the health statuses of individuals, and six unique indices were used to investigate the sustainable lifestyles. According to the main findings, work-family conflicts may be severe for both wives and husbands with high education levels, and the hypothesis regarding the positive effect of income was not supported. Two major conclusions were derived. First, in general, as opposed to couples with equal education levels, the probability of reporting a worse health status was higher, and the activities related to sustainable development such as improving environmental sustainability were less for couples with education gaps. Second, a comparison of the effects of education gaps on the health status of couples in various groups reveals that highly educated groups, women, and people in Asian or middle-income countries had a higher negative effect on their health status.

Highlights

  • The United Nations published the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which include responsible consumption and production, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, and reduced inequalities, as well as the 2030 agenda for sustainable development in 2015 [1]

  • IC refers to an individual i in country C; H is an individual’s health status (SRH, the mental health index, and objective health); IHEG denotes an intrahousehold education gap, which is the couple’s education gap; D represents the country dummy variables; α is a constant; θ, β, and δ are the estimated coefficients; and ε is an error term

  • (1) The coefficients of IHEG1 were negative values (−0.046 in Model 2; −0.029 in Model 4; and −0.015 in Model 5; Table 3), and they were statistically significant at the 1% and 5% levels. These findings suggest that health status (SRH, mental health, and objective health) was worse for individuals with a higher level of education than for their partner

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Summary

Introduction

The United Nations published the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which include responsible consumption and production (goal 12), good health and well-being (goal 3), quality education (goal 4), gender equality (goal 5), and reduced inequalities (goal 10), as well as the 2030 agenda for sustainable development in 2015 [1]. From the SDG perspective, this study investigates the impact of the gaps in education levels between married couples on health and a sustainable lifestyle [2]. It employs an international comparison on the issue based on original international survey data collected from 32 countries across six continents. An individual’s level of education is the most controversial index in human development It is a primary factor in the labor market, and it may be an important factor in determining the health status of individuals. Many studies have investigated the relationship between education and health outcomes. The education gap between wives and husbands has been utilized as an index of intrahousehold bargaining power [20,21]

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