Impact of Gait and Balance Disorders in the Elderly Population and Physiotherapy Assessment and Fall Prevention using Innovative Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This comprehensive literature review offers a deep exploration of post fall prevention interventions (post-FPIs) and their pivotal role in assessing and mitigating the risks of falls among the elderly population. In this extensive analysis, we traverse a diverse array of studies, delving into the multifaceted landscape of assessments and interventions designed to prevent falls in older adults. The review casts a discerning eye on the prevalent emphasis on intrinsic risk factors, predominantly encompassing functional and cognitive aspects. Paradoxically, it unravels the somewhat neglected extrinsic risk factors that can result in severe fall-related injuries, spotlighting the need for more comprehensive assessments. The spectrum of intervention types, ranging from purely functional to the multi factorial, is dissected within the overarching context of post-FPIs. This review reveals a remarkable gap in the domain of extrinsic risk factor assessment, with limited existing systems dedicated to this crucial aspect. Furthermore, it uncovers a prevalent static nature, often bereft of interactive features in the existing post-FPI landscape. The synchronous model of patient-clinician collaboration is prevalent, with data collected from older adults being clinically assessed in real-time. Nevertheless, the review introduces the concept of asynchronous collaboration, which demonstrates considerable potential for future investigation. By illuminating these nuances and gaps, this review serves as a foundational resource for the development of more comprehensive post-FPI systems, as we strive to enhance fall prevention efforts among the elderly.