Abstract
Abstract Global climatological distributions of key aerosol quantities (extinction, optical depth, mass, and surface area density) are shown in comparison with results from a three-dimensional global model including stratospheric and tropospheric aerosol components. It is shown that future trends in global and regional anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide may induce substantial changes in the lower stratospheric budget of sulfate aerosols: with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios' (SRES) upper limit, “A2” scenario, the integrated stratospheric sulfate mass is predicted to increase from 0.15 Tg-S to 0.20 Tg-S in the year 2030, and the 1.02-μm average optical depth from 1.5 × 10−3 to 2.2 × 10−3 with a 50% increase in shortwave radiative forcing. The latter, in turn, is found to be about 23% of the total forcing by sulfate aerosols (tropospheric + stratospheric). Convective upward transport of sulfur dioxide to the tropical tropopause is found to be ...
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