Impact of Forest Fires on the Trees and Wood Quality—A Case Study for a Beech Stand

Abstract

Wood quality has been an ongoing concern for science, having become increasingly important in the current context, in which the demand for wood is increasing and forest fires are more frequent and violent. This study aims to evaluate the quality of wood in trees affected by fires and the negative impact of these phenomena on the speed of wood degradation, as a result of weakening the trees due to the action of stress factors. The study was carried out using modern techniques on beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) remaining in an area affected by a litter fire in 2017. Measurements were taken with the Arbotom Rinntech sound tomograph, the IML Resi F-500S resist graph, and the Pressler core sampler to observe the quality of the wood inside the trees. It was found that all the trees were in various stages of decay, the tomograms being able to characterize the severity of decay only in the case of fully decayed wood as a result of the action of xylophages fungi, whose harmful influence is more pronounced when the injuries sustained by the trees are higher. Although the trees attempted to close the fire wounds through their own defense mechanisms, the destructive action of the fungi intensified with time. After the forest fires, for an effective assessment of the wood’s internal quality, the resist graph can be used. For valuable trees, one could use the tomograph, but the measurements have to be taken only by qualified operators.