Abstract
The conversion of forests to pastures in the Amazon results in deforestation and the loss of environmental services. This practice affects biogeochemical cycles and impairs soil enzyme activity, which is essential for maintaining soil quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of converting part of the Amazon forest into pastures, focusing on soil enzyme activity. The study was conducted at Fazenda Canto Verde, Roraima, comparing native forest areas and pastures of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria humidicola, established on Haplic acrisol, without fertilization or tillage, under a management regime of 30 days of grazing and 60 days of rest. Sampling involved 12 mini trenches per hectare at two depths, with analysis of enzyme activity post-incubation. Higher activity of carbon cycle enzymes (Cellulase, Invertase, β-Glucosidase) was observed in the forest compared to pastures, especially with B. humidicola. Nitrogen cycle enzymes (Urease, BAA-Protease) were more active in the forest, while B. humidicola showed the highest Casein-Protease activity. In the phosphorus and sulfur cycles, the forest led in Phosphomonoesterase and Phosphodiesterase, while B. humidicola excelled in Arylsulfatase. This study demonstrates that replacing forest with pastures significantly alters soil functionality, impacting biogeochemical cycles and their ecological functions.
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