Impact of forced convective radiative heat and mass transfer mechanisms on 3D Carreau nanofluid: A numerical study

Abstract

Nanoliquids retain remarkable features that have fascinated various researchers owing to their utilization in nanoscience and nanotechnology. We will present a mathematical relation for 3D forced convective heat and mass transfer mechanism of a Carreau nanoliquid over a bidirectional stretched surface. Additionally, the features of heat source/sink and nonlinear thermal radiation are considered for the 3D Carreau nanoliquid. The governing nonlinear PDEs are established and altered into a set of nonlinear ODEs by utilizing a suitable conversion. A numerical approach, namely the bvp4c is adopted to resolve the resultant equations. The achieved outcomes are schemed and conferred in detail for somatic parameters. It is realized that amassed values of Brownian motion parameter $N_{b}$ lead to enhance the temperature of the Carreau nanoliquid while quite conflicting behavior is being noticed for the concentration of the Carreau nanoliquid. Moreover, it is also noted that the influence of heat source $\delta > 0$ is relatively antithetic to heat sink $\delta < 0$ parameter, whereas an analogous impact is being identified for thermal Biot number $\gamma$ on temperature and concentration Biot number $\gamma_{1}$ on concentration of the Carreau nanoliquid for shear thinning/thickening liquids. Additionally, an assessment between the analytical technique, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the numerical scheme bvp4c is presented graphically, as well as in tabular form. From these comparisons we initiate a splendid communication with these results.