Abstract
Abstract Flexible emergent vegetation has a remarkable impact on flow structure, flood control and ecological restoration. In this study, the variation of flow turbulence and kinetic energy characteristics caused by artificial flexible emergent vegetation were studied by measuring the flow velocity with a 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) in an open flume. Experiments were carried out in five vegetation densities at two flow discharges, which commonly occur in rivers. The findings revealed that flexible emergent vegetation had a great resistance on flow to quickly reduce the average velocity, especially at the foliage part. In vegetation zone, vertical velocity profiles were roughly divided into two layers: the upper layer (z/z0 > 0.3) and the bottom layer (z/z0
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