Impact of Filtration on Grey Water Quality: A Comprehensive Analysis of Christian Hospital Taxila's Grey Water before and after Treatment

Abstract

Grey water, defined as wastewater excluding toilet effluents, contains varying levels of contaminants and necessitates precise reuse strategies. This study focuses on the treatment of grey water sources with relatively lower levels of contaminants, specifically excluding those from toilets which contribute the majority of harmful substances such as chemicals, body lipids, and oils. The study evaluated the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of household grey water, including pH, conductivity, turbidity, and the presence of elements such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, as well as contaminants like nitrates and sulfates. The treatment system employed consisted of multiple filtration stages using sand, coconut husk, pebbles, activated charcoal, limestone, and gravel, complemented by reverse osmosis. Results indicated significant improvements post-treatment: normalization of pH, reduced conductivity, elimination of color, and substantial reductions in major contaminants. Notably, the system achieved 100% removal of E. coli, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms. The findings underscore the effectiveness of greywater treatment in reducing water toxicity and enhancing its suitability for various applications, thereby contributing to pollution reduction and resource conservation. Such recycling initiatives can significantly address water scarcity issues and encourage sustainable water resource management.