Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate growth performance of grower pigs fed fermented liquid potato hash with or without exogenous enzyme. Diets containing either 200 (LFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not); 400 (HFLPH) g/kg potato hash (enzyme treated or not) or no fermented potato hash (control) were formulated to provide 14 MJ/kg digestible energy (DE), 180 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 11.6 g/kg lysine. Dietary treatments were control (no FLPH), enzyme treated LFPHE and HFLPHE, and untreated LFLPH and HFLPH. The exogenous enzyme was added in treated diets to provide minimum of 560-840 TXU/TDU xylanase per kg feed, at an inclusion rate of 100 g/tonne. Diets were mixed with water at 1:2 ration and fermented for 8 hours at 25 °C room temperature before being fed to pigs. Back-slopping fermentation approach was followed to prepare diets. Twelve pigs (25±2.3 kg) per diet that were individually housed were fed ad-lib for eight weeks. Pigs were allocated to diets in complete randomized design. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. The enzyme treated FLPH diets had higher (P < 0.05) CP, lower (P > 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations compared to untreated FLPH diets. The LFPHE diet had higher (P < 0.001) final weight, ADG and lower (P < 0.001) ADFI and FCR compared to LFPH, HLFPH and HLFPHE. It was concluded that LFPHE diet may be an alternative feed source for growing pigs as indicated by higher gain and lower intake compared to LFLPH, HFLPH and HFLPHE.
Highlights
In South Africa, the declining grain production and increasing competition with humans for feed ingredients have compelled smallholder pig farmers to use alternative energy sources from agro-industrial by-products to replace cereals in pig diets (Nkosi et al, 2010; Thomas et al, 2010)
Control diet had a higher (P < 0.05) dry matter (DM) and ash concentrations compared to diets containing varying levels of fermented liquid potato hash diet (FLPH)
The enzyme treated FLPH diets had a lower (P > 0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations compared to untreated FLPH diets
Summary
In South Africa, the declining grain production and increasing competition with humans for feed ingredients have compelled smallholder pig farmers to use alternative energy sources from agro-industrial by-products to replace cereals in pig diets (Nkosi et al, 2010; Thomas et al, 2010). The hash is produces at a rate of ±50 tons per day and is currently dumped (Nkosi & Meseke, 2010) and is polluting the environment This by-product contains 150 g/kg dry matter, 105 g/kg crude protein and 58.5 g/kg crude fiber (Nkosi et al, 2015) and can be useful as pig feed. According to Charmley et al (2006) and Okine et al (2005), high moisture content of potato by-products such as potato hash is limiting the utilization of the by-products in pig nutrition Another setback in feeding potato hash to growing pigs is that it contains high fiber content (Thomas et al, 2010). Fermentation of high fiber by-products and use of exogenous enzymes have been reported to disrupt the fibre matrix structure jas.ccsenet.org
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