Abstract
A single, unifying mechanism explaining the cause of necrotizing enterocolitis has remained elusive. It is unlikely that one precipitating cause will be found. However, it is increasingly evident that common risk factors do exist such as intestinal immaturity, dysbiosis, and feeding (including type of feeding). Modifying these risk factors to facilitate optimal postnatal intestinal development may lessen the vulnerability to intestinal injury in the preterm infant. Understanding the feeding and medical practices employed in the neonatal intensive care unit and their potential effects on postnatal intestinal development will begin to inform bedside strategies to reduce maladaptive intestinal responses in the preterm infant and the risk of this devastating disease.
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