Impact of Fe doping on performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/C anode for aqueous lithium ion battery

Abstract

NaTi2(PO4)3 exhibits extensive prospect as anode for aqueous lithium ion battery (ALIB) in terms of open and stable framework. However, low conductivity of NaTi2(PO4)3 adversely affects the electrochemical performance. In this work, Na1+xTi2−xFex(PO4)3/C (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.30) composites as anodes for ALIB were synthesized, and impact of Fe doping on microstructure and performance of NaTi2(PO4)3/C was examined systematically. Among composites with various content of doped Fe, Na1.1Ti1.9Fe0.1(PO4)3/C (NC-Fe-10) demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance. NC-Fe-10 delivers the discharge capacity of 103.1 mAh g−1 at 5C and 77.7 mAh g−1 at 15C, respectively. In addition, capacity retention of NC-Fe-10 keeps 94.4% after 300 cycles at 5C, demonstrating outstanding cycling performance. This work reveals that Fe doping is an efficient method for raising the performance of NaTi2(PO4)3 as anode for ALIB.