Impact of Fatty Acids on Obesity-Associated Diseases and Radical Weight Reduction

Małgorzata Wrzosek,Ada Sawicka,Agnieszka Białek,Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak,Zuzanna Zawadzka

doi:10.1007/s11695-021-05789-w

Abstract

PurposeFatty acids (FA), particularly polyunsaturated (PUFA) ones, are involved in the regulation of glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. The aim of the study was to assess patient FA profile in relation to obesity, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, and weight loss.Materials and MethodsThe studied group consisted of 51 patients with extreme obesity, 23 of whom achieved radical weight reduction within 1 year after a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). FA levels were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.ResultsPatients with extreme obesity and higher serum PUFA content have lower serum levels of SFA and MUFA (especially myristic, palmitic, lignoceric acids and palmitoleic, oleic acids), as well as lower triglyceride and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations and it was not influenced by CEPT Taq1B variant. At baseline, the fatty acid profile of patients with type II diabetes differ from patients with dyslipidemia. In patients who had lost weight, significantly lower levels of selected saturated FA and major trans-fatty acid, elaidic, were found. Moreover, the proportion of PUFA was increased.ConclusionIn extreme obesity, higher PUFA exert their favorable effects on serum lipids. Significant weight reduction after the bariatric surgery is associated with beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile.Graphical

Highlights

According to the World Health Organization, the number of people with obesity throughout the world has almost tripled since 1975 [1]
We considered that an investigation in obese individuals might be important in determining an individual’s risk of developing lipid and carbohydrate disturbances and might provide useful information about the role of selected fatty acids in metabolic alterations, inflammation, and maintaining weight loss
Our study showed that in the patients with clinically severe obesity before bariatric surgery, palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1 cis n-9) predominated among total plasma saturated fatty acids, comprising ≈ 25%, followed by linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n-6, ≈ 21%) and stearic acid (C18:0, ≈ 7%)

Summary

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, the number of people with obesity throughout the world has almost tripled since 1975 [1]. The energy contained in dietary fat comes mainly from saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids [7]. Unsaturated fatty acids are irreplaceable in young organisms for proper growth and development processes and contribute to the maintenance of good health throughout life They have a role in building cellular membranes throughout the body and stimulate multiple signaling events in various tissues, mainly via eicosanoids derived from them and via direct effects on gene expression [14]. We considered that an investigation in obese individuals might be important in determining an individual’s risk of developing lipid and carbohydrate disturbances and might provide useful information about the role of selected fatty acids in metabolic alterations, inflammation, and maintaining weight loss. Chemometric approach has been proposed as an objective method for the evaluation and data interpretation of large data sets of fatty acid share in serum samples of three groups of patients (individuals with obesity, with obesity and co-existing dyslipidemia, and with obesity and co-existing diabetes)

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion