Impact of farming awareness and delay on the dynamics of mosaic disease in Jatropha curcas plantations

Abstract

Jatropha curcas plants are known to be seriously affected by the mosaic virus carried by infected whiteflies, causing the mosaic disease. Disease control is an important factor to obtain a healthy crop, but in agricultural practice farming awareness is equally important. People involved in cultivation may indeed take some time before becoming aware of the problem and respond to it adequately. In this article, a mathematical model is proposed considering farming awareness and delay. The model exhibits two equilibria such as the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. The disease-free equilibrium is stable if the basic reproduction number is less than unity and the endemic equilibrium exhibits Hopf bifurcation whenever it exists. The direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions have been investigated using central manifold theorem and normal form theory. Numerical simulations fulfil the analytical outcomes.