Abstract
In this study, the effect of extraction processes on the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed oil was evaluated. The oils were extracted, on the one hand, by cold pressing, and on the other hand, with three types of organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, n-hexane). The recorded results indicated that the extraction yield of baobab oil was significantly impacted by both the extraction method and the polarity of the solvent used. In addition, chloroform provides the best extraction yield (40.12 ± 0.607). However, extraction by cold pressure preserves at best the physicochemical and bioactive properties of the extracted oils. Indeed, the pressing oil contains a content of phenolic compounds (0.047 ± 0.0024 mgEAG/g of oil) and a very high radical scavenging activity (DPPH) (31.71% ± 0.61%). For the various oils extracted, the minimum and maximum values were 0.50 and 3.17 mEq?kg-1; 56.26 and 99.113 mgI2?100 g-1; 1.457 and 1.465; 205.37 and 233.587 mgKOH/g respectively for the peroxide, iodine, refractive and saponification values. The color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the oils also differ depending on the nature of the organic solvent used. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of the extracted oils. Therefore, the results suggest the mixed use of acetone and hexane to obtain oil comparable to that extracted by cold pressing.
Highlights
The baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic tree of African savanna [1]
The iodine value is determined according to the French standard NF T60-203; The peroxide value according to the French standard NF T60-220; The extraction yield according to the standard soxhlet extraction method (NF V03-905)
The results obtained reveal that the oil extracted by pressing retains at best its physicochemical properties and contains a very high content of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity
Summary
The baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an emblematic tree of African savanna [1] It is one of the most striking and recognizable woody species in Africa due to its large size [2] and can reach more than 25 m in height [3] [4]. The oil allows the rejuvenation and renewal of cells, improving the elasticity of the skin and reducing the appearance of stretch marks [14] It is known for its high permeability, its nourishing properties, its emollient power and its softening properties on the skin and scalp [14] [15]. Used as a massage cream, baobab oil softens the skin and helps relieve pain and injury [14] They have been used in the treatment of various conditions such as hair dandruff, muscle spasm, varicose veins and wounds [12]. This study should provide information likely to promote, in the industrial and pharmaceutical fields, a large-scale use of baobab oil
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