Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of oral administration of fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) on liver, kidney, brain, and lung function in rats. The effect was studied on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. Our results have shown deterioration in liver function as evidenced by the elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin and reduction in albumin and hepatic glycogen. This was associated with a state of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and increased prothrombin time, while hemoglobin content was reduced. In addition, the kidney function was reduced as indicated by the elevation in serum creatinine, uric acid, and BUN, while the serum levels of magnesium, potassium, and sodium were reduced. This study also showed an impairment in brain neurotransmitter (elevated 5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and reduced dopamine and norepinephrine level). This was associated with a reduction in the barrier capacity in brain and lung. Fenitrothion also caused a decrease in cholinesterase activity in serum, lung, and brain activity associated with a state of oxidative stress in all tested organs and hyperammonemia. These results support the hazards of pesticide use and shows the importance of minimizing pesticide use or discovering new safe pesticides.
Highlights
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are among the most widely used insecticides globally and they are readily available commercially for domestic and industrial purposes [1]
Fenitrothion is one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides mainly used in agriculture for controlling chewing and sucking insects
The following parameters were assayed in serum using kits supplied by Biodiagnostic Co. (Cairo, Egypt): ALT and AST [30], ALP [31], butyrylcholinesterase activity [32], total bilirubin [33], albumin [34], sodium [35], potassium [36], magnesium [37], cholesterol [38], HDL-cholesterol [39], LDL-cholesterol [40], blood urea nitrogen (BUN) [41], creatinine, and uric acid contents [42]
Summary
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are among the most widely used insecticides globally and they are readily available commercially for domestic and industrial purposes [1]. The widespread use of OPs by public health and agricultural programs has led to severe environmental pollution [2, 3] that constitutes a significant potential health hazard because of the possibility of the acute or chronic poisoning of humans and animals [4]. Fenitrothion is one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides mainly used in agriculture for controlling chewing and sucking insects. It is used for the control of flies, mosquitos, and cockroaches in public health programs and/or indoor use [5]. Organophosphates affect many vital organs; chronic toxicity with organophosphorus pesticides may cause extreme injury in liver cells [6]. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, leucocyte count, and coagulation of blood have been considered as bioindicators of toxicities following chronic exposure to malathion [8] and pyrethroids [9, 10]
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