Abstract

Built-up land in floodplains (BLF) is a driver and a disaster-bearing body of flood risk from a socio-hydrological perspective. The relationship between BLF growth and flood vulnerability is the key to understanding and managing flood risk. However, previous studies have focused more on the relationship between BLF growth and flood exposure, ignoring flood vulnerability. We examined the BLF expansion pattern (patch size and expansion type) in the North China Plain Area from 1975 to 2014 (1975–1990–2000–2014) using GIS (geographic information system)-based landscape analysis and revealed its relationship with flood vulnerability. The results show that the BLF area experienced rapid growth (288.26%) from dispersion to coalescence. Small patches dominated the number and area of BLF growth, and edge-expansion patches were the expansion type with the most area growth. We discovered that flood vulnerability was significantly correlated with the growth in small (R = 0.36, p < 0.01), edge-expansion (R = 0.53, p < 0.01), and outlying patches (R = 0.51, p < 0.01). Large patches were not significantly correlated with flood vulnerability (R = 0.18, p > 0.1), but there was a negative trend. Infilling patch growth was significantly associated with flood vulnerability over a long period (R = 0.27, p < 0.05). In addition, we suggest nature-based soft adaptations or village merging for small patches and outlying patches. Our findings have important scientific significance for adequately understanding the interplay between BLF growth and flood risk. It has practical implications for the formulation of integrated flood risk management strategy and the sustainable development of floodplains.

Highlights

  • Floodplains can be defined as the periodically inundated areas by the lateral overflow of rivers [1,2]

  • Our research focuses on the impact of the Built-up land in floodplains (BLF) expansion pattern on flood vulnerability and its adaptations from the socio-hydrology perspective

  • Previous studies have focused on the relationship between BLF area and flood exposure while ignoring the relationship between BLF expansion pattern and flood vulnerability as well as its adaption strategies, which plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of floodplains and the formulation of flood control policies

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Summary

Introduction

Floodplains can be defined as the periodically inundated areas by the lateral overflow of rivers [1,2]. Humankind has tended to settle in floodplains because of the role of rivers as transportation. 2020, 12, 3172 transportation corridors and the fertility of riparian areas. It is estimated that almost one billion people currently live in floodplains [3,4]. Floods are causing increasing havoc in floodplains cdoureritdooursnapnrdectehdeefnetretdilituyrboafnriipzaatriioann aarnedasi.mItpirsoepsetrimdaetveedlotphamteanlmt [o5s]t. OInneCbhiilnliao,nthpeeroepwleecruerr1e5n7tlmy alijvoer irnivfleor ofldopoldasinisn[f3l,o4o].dRpelaciennstldyu, flrionogd1s9a9r2e–c2a0u1s5i,nwg hinicchrekaislilnegd h2a1v,6o6c0ipnefloopoled,palfafiencsteddue1.t4o8ubnilpliroencepdeeonpteled, uanrbdancaizuasteiodneacnodnoimmpicrolopsesredseovfe$lo1p8m2.1e8ntb[i5ll]i.oInn [C1h].inTah,uths,eruenwdeerrset1a5n7dminagjothr erivimerpflaoctodosf ibnuflilot-oudppllaainnds dexuprianngsi1o9n92o–n20f1lo5o, dwhriisckh kanilldedre2s1p,6o6n0dpinegoptloe,cahffaellcetnedge1s.4h8absilblieocnompeeopanle,uarngdenctaunseeeddefcoornsoumsticailnoasbseles odfev$e1l8o2p.1m8ebnitlliinonflo[1o]d. PTlhauinss,.understanding the impact of built-up land expansion on flood risk and respoFnrdoimngatosocchioal-lheyndgreoslohgasy bpeecrosmpeecatinveu,rbgueniltt-nuepedlafnodr sinusftlaoiondabplleaidnesv(eBlLopFm) iesnntoint oflnoloydapldaiisnass.terbeariFnrgomboadsyocoiof-fhlyododroinloggybpuetrasplseoctaivde,rbivuiinltg-ufpaclatonrd [in6]fl. IStiievsap(saulcahn pasrouprobsaendiztahteiocnonacnedptlaonfds-oucsieo-chhyadnrgoelo) gays iennd2o01g2e,nwouhsictho wviaetwers shyusmtemandaycntiavmitiiecss r(sauthcehratshaunrbbaonuinzadtaioryncaonnddiltainodns-uosreecxhtearnngael)faosrceinndgoogfernivoeurstfoloowdaptelarinsyssytestmemdsyn[7a]m. Avisroshnomwenntin[4F,6ig,7u].reIn1,ththise prealpaetiro, nBsLhFipgbroewtwtheeins cBoLnFsiedxepreadnstioonbeaanddrfilvoeordorfiflskoomdaryiskb.eAresgsahrodwedn ians Faigtwuroe-w1,atyhecroeulaptliionngs.hTiphebeBtLwFeeenxpBaLnFsieoxnpaanffseicotns aflnododfloriosdk rtihsrkomugahy hbyedreroglaorgdiecdalapsraotcwesos-ews,aqyucaonutpitlyin, ga.nTdheexBpLanFseioxnpapnastitoenrnasff.eIcntstuflrono,dthreiskdythnraomuigchs hofydflrooolodgricisakl pdruoecetsoseBsL, qFueaxnptiatny,siaonnd ceaxnpabnesifoend pbaatctkerninst.oInfltouordn,rtihske daydnaapmtaitciosnofsfltroaotedgrieisskfdour ethtoe

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