Abstract
Three Debrecen maize hybrids of different genotypes (Debreceni 285, Debreceni 377 and Debreceni 382) were examined on chernozem soil in a field experiment. During the two years of the experiment (2009–2010), we wanted to get to know how the examined hybrids reach to different sowing dates and what impact early, optimal and late sowing has on yield.
 In 2009, balanced soil and air temperature resulted in steady emergence. However, the low temperature in early April and the cooling down in mid-May 2010 caused a delayed emergence.
 The grain moisture content at harvesting and the high yield showed a strong crop year effect. In 2010, yield was much lower (1.664 t ha-1) and grain moisture was significantly higher (34%)than in 2009.
 In 2009, early sowing resulted in yield decrease (P<0.05), but it also significantly reduced grain moisture at harvesting (P<0.05). Although late sowing slightly increased yield (not significantly), but grain moisture at harvesting increased by 9.2%. In 2010, optimal sowing date was shown to be the best alternative from the aspect of yield, but there was no significant difference in comparison with early and late sowing. Grain moisture at harvesting greatly increased (13.3%).
 The Debreceni 382 maize hybrid reacted to sowing dates flexibly, neither early, nor late sowing affected its yield significantly and the grain moisture at harvesting showed 12% increase in the case of the late sowing date. In 2009, maize hybrids Debreceni 285 and Debreceni 377 reached their highest yield in the case of the sowing date which was shown to be optimal (23rd April), while the different sowing dates had no effect on yield in 2010.
Highlights
In 2009, early sowing resulted in yield decrease (P
Late sowing slightly increased yield, but grain moisture at harvesting increased by 9.2%
In 2010, optimal sowing date was shown to be the best alternative from the aspect of yield, but there was no significant difference in comparison with early and late sowing
Summary
Three Debrecen maize hybrids of different genotypes (Debreceni 285, Debreceni 377 and Debreceni 382) were examined on chernozem soil in a field experiment. The Debreceni 382 maize hybrid reacted to sowing dates flexibly, neither early, nor late sowing affected its yield significantly and the grain moisture at harvesting showed 12% increase in the case of the late sowing date. Szlovák (1975) megállapította, hogy a talajhőmérséklet és a transzspiráció közötti összefüggés szorosságát a vetés ideje a számítás módja és a talajban lévő növények számára felvehető víz mennyisége jelentősen befolyásolja. Több hazai és nemzetközi kutatás rámutatott arra, hogy a tenyészidőszak kezdetének talajhőmérséklete és a vetésidő hatással van a kukorica szemtermésére, a levélterületre és a növény fejlődésére (Ványiné, 2010; Ványiné et al, 2011; Ványiné et al, 2012ab). Stoll (2011) kimutatta, hogy a talajfelszín növényi maradványokkal való fedése eredményezhet egyenetlen kelést az állományban, mivel a talajhőmérséklet a növényi maradványokkal borított területen alacsonyabb, így ott a kukorica fejlődése elhúzódhat. A korán vetett kukoricának nagyobb lesz a gyökértömege, így jobb a tápanyag- és vízfelvétele, rövidül a tenyészideje, nagyobb lehet a termése (Máté, 2002)
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