Abstract
Natural and man‐made factors have shown the ability to change the freshwater fish environment in Iraq over the last 6000 years. Changes in climate were among the major natural factors that caused a significant alteration in the distribution and abundance of freshwater fish in Mesopotamia. However, man‐made factors contribute more to the impact on the freshwater system in Iraq and ultimately on the freshwater dwellings, e.g. fish. There are a number of industrial factors, such as water abstraction by dams, devegetation, heavy fishing, pollution and species introduction, that have played a major role in the destruction of the freshwater fish habitat in Iraq and as a result real and more effective conservation measures need to be proposed.
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