Abstract
Through architectural and engineering skills, humanity leaves its mark upon the earth. Urbanization started from Mesopotamia in west Asia where the Mesopotamian societies flourished. They evolved into various landscapes from the metal-rich highlands and elevations of southeastern Turkey to the Syrian deserts, from the woodmen of the Levant to the bogs of southern Iraq. Mesopotamian civilization, along with its architecture, survived more than three thousand years. The architecture of the Mesopotamian civilization is not only portentous in its outlook and proficient in planning, but it’s also considered rational and technical with respect to its environment.The civilization was very first of its kind, having technology and urban settlements that laid the foundation of future modern settlements. It considered the region's environment and climate as pivotal in the development of its culture and architecture.This study discusses how the people, consciously or unconsciously, shaped the land or landscape around them in relation to their environment. This study is both basic and applied, according to architectural research methods. By content, the research in this article is according to the process of design and construction and the data in this research will be analyzed morphologically and technically. The Mesopotamian people used mud bricks, aqueducts, wooden beams, Archimedes screw, courtyard and tripartite houses. The study in this article proves that all these constructions and the techniques used were according to their environmental and climatic conditions.
Highlights
Mesopotamia is in the east of the district named "fertile crescent "- approximately a semi-circle with its open side facing the south and the west end to the southeast corner of the Mediterranean, the center directly to the north of Arabia, and the east end at the north end of Persian gulf, where cultivation and farming flourished
1.4.CONCLUSION: Mesopotamia a civilization that was the first of its kind; it had technology and urban settlements that laid the foundation of future modern settlements
The natural resources of any civilization largely determines the structural materials used by its architects and engineers – same is the case with the Mesopotamian civilization
Summary
Mesopotamia is in the east of the district named "fertile crescent "- approximately a semi-circle with its open side facing the south and the west end to the southeast corner of the Mediterranean, the center directly to the north of Arabia, and the east end at the north end of Persian gulf, where cultivation and farming flourished The Tigris and Euphrates River both shaped the society and the minds of the dwelling communities These rivers provided water for agriculture but served main routes of communication The natural condition of this area does not favor architectural development It is an alluvial plain and the only building material present in quantity is mud deposited by the two great rivers. This research article will deal with the architectural techniques of Mesopotamian civilization with respect to the environment, that includes building material and houses, techniques and construction and hydraulic engineering. Research FOR design typically involves investigations of new technology, products and materials. The data in this research is analyzed morphologically and technically It involves looking at the specific characteristics of research i.e. Influence of environment on Architecture.
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