Impact of end stage kidney disease on costs and outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection

Abstract

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) on the outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), including complications of infection, length of hospital stay, overall mortality, and healthcare burden. MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database created by the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used, covering the years 2009 through 2013. Manufacturer-provided sampling weights were used to produce national estimates. ResultsAll-cause unadjusted in-hospital mortality was significantly higher for patients with CDI and ESKD than for patients without ESKD (11.6% vs. 7.7%, p<0.001). The in-hospital mortality remained higher even after adjusting for age, sex, race, and Charlson index group using multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio 1.47, confidence interval 1.41–1.53). The median length of stay was found to be longer by 2days in the ESKD group (9 vs. 7 days, p<0.001). The average cost of hospitalization for patients with CDI and ESKD was also significantly higher compared to the non-ESKD group (USD $35 588 vs. $23 505, in terms of the 2013 value of the USD, p<0.001). ConclusionsThe presence of end stage kidney disease in hospitalized patients with Clostridium difficile infection is associated with higher mortality, a longer length of stay, and a higher cost of hospitalization.