Abstract
Future power systems face several challenges. One of them is the use of high power converters that decouple new energy sources from the AC power grid. This situation decreases the total system inertia affecting its ability to overcome system frequency disturbances. The wind power industry has created several controllers to enable inertial response on wind turbines generators: artificial, emulated, simulated, or synthetic inertial. This paper deals with the issues related to the emulated inertia of wind turbines based on full-converters and their effect on the under-frequency protection schemes during the recovery period after system frequency disturbances happen. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the recovery period of under-frequency transients in future power systems which integrate wind turbines with emulated inertia capability does not completely avoid the worse scenarios in terms of under-frequency load shedding. The extra power delivered from a wind turbine during frequency disturbances can substantially reduce the rate of frequency change. Thus it provides time for the active governors to respond.
Highlights
Future power systems face several challenges [1]: À massive penetration levels of renewable energy coming from highly variable generators connected to power grid over power converters, ` energy storage technologies with very different time constants, some of which use power converters as an interface to the power grid, ́ massive transmission network facilitating the integration of largescale renewable energy sources and the transportation of electricity based on underwater multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission
This paper presents the impact of emulated inertia controllers used in wind turbines based on full-converters on the under-frequency protection schemes during the recovery period after system frequency disturbances
This paper presents the potential impact of emulated inertia from wind turbines on the under-frequency protection schemes during the recovery period after system frequency disturbances happen
Summary
Future power systems face several challenges [1]: À massive penetration levels of renewable energy coming from highly variable generators connected to power grid over power converters, ` energy storage technologies with very different time constants, some of which use power converters as an interface to the power grid, ́ massive transmission network facilitating the integration of largescale renewable energy sources and the transportation of electricity based on underwater multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission. Future power systems will increase the installed power capacity but the effective system inertial will be the same, and the system frequency response will stay the same nowadays This is because the new generation units based on power converters provide a decoupling effect between the real inertia and the AC grid. Few other papers have evaluated the impact on the inertial response provided by the WTGs on the performance of control schemes in future energy systems. There is not a universal agreement about the use of inertial response as auxiliary service to provide frequency support during system frequency disturbances It lacks of knowledge about the impact of inertial response of wind turbines on deterministic under-frequency protection schemes in future power systems. This paper presents the impact of emulated inertia controllers used in wind turbines based on full-converters on the under-frequency protection schemes during the recovery period after system frequency disturbances.
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