Impact of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

• Ellagitannin-rich food has been implicated in lowering blood pressure. • ET-rich fruit consumption reduced SBP among hypertensives and those with MetS. • A dosage of 500–1000 mg polyphenol in ET-rich fruits can improve SBP. • Meta-regression confirmed a positive association between polyphenol dosage and SBP. • Fruits rich in ET may be considered anti-hypertensive functional food/drinks. Ellagitannin-rich food has been implicated to ameliorate cardiovascular risk, particularly blood pressure (BP). This systematic review and meta -analysis investigated the effect of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on BP. Five databases were screened and RCTs reporting the effect of ellagitannin-rich fruit consumption on BP and polyphenol content were included. Nineteen studies with 1,249 participants, showed a non-significant systolic blood pressure (SBP) and significant diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduction, with ET-rich fruit consumption. Subgroup analysis revealed significant SBP reduction among hypertensives receiving 500–1000 mg polyphenol (-4.95 mmHg, 95 % CI: [-7.24, −2.66]) and among metabolic syndrome (MS) patients (-3.44 mmHg; 95 % CI: [-5.25, −1.63]). meta-regression revealed a positive association between polyphenol dosage and SBP changes. In conclusion, the consumption of ellagitannin-rich fruits may be considered an anti-hypertensive functional food/drink and recommended for patients who are at high risk for hypertension. Further well-designed trials are required to resolve the significant heterogeneities identified in the current literature.