Abstract
Elevated carbon dioxide (EC) can increase the growth and development of different C3 fruit crops, which may further increase the nutrient demand by the accumulated biomass. In this context, the current investigation was conceptualized to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient uptake by tomato plants under elevated CO2 (EC700 and EC550 ppm) and temperature (+2 °C) in comparison to ambient conditions. Significant improvement in the growth indicating parameters like leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate were measured at EC700 and EC550 at different stages of crop growth. Further, broader and thicker leaves of plants under EC700 and EC550 have intercepted higher radiation by almost 11% more than open field plants. Conversely, elevated temperature (+2 °C) had negative influence on crop growth and intercepted almost 7% lower radiation over plants under ambient conditions. Interestingly, earliness of phenophases viz., branch initiation (3.0 days), flower initiation (4.14 days), fruit initiation (4.07 days) and fruit maturation (7.60 days) were observed at EC700 + 2 °C, but it was statistically on par with EC700 and EC550 + 2 °C. Irrespective of the plant parts and growth stages, plants under EC700 and EC550 have showed significantly higher nutrient uptake due to higher root biomass. At EC700, the tune of increase in total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was almost 134%, 126% and 135%, respectively compared to open field crop. This indicates higher nutrient demand by the crop under elevated CO2 levels because of higher dry matter accumulation and radiation interception. Thus, nutrient application is needed to be monitored at different growth stages as per the crop needs.
Highlights
Since biomass accumulation has a strong influence on nutrient uptake patterns, we aimed to study the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on nutrient uptake patterns in the tomato crop under sub-tropical climatic situations of the Indian context
Subsequent maximum leaf area was noticed in EC550
Increasing trend of leaf area duration (LAD) and Crop growth rate (CGR) was noticed up to 50% flowering to peak fruiting stage, it was reduced at peak fruiting to harvest stage due to reduced leaf area
Summary
Climate change has become a main focus of social and scientific attention. It is one of the most critical threats faced by the world today. The rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration is one of the most prominent and undesirable indicators of global climate change. Greenhouse gases are the primary source of cause for rising temperature levels in the atmosphere. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the CO2 level has risen at a pace of 1.9 ppm per year over the last twelve years and is expected to exceed 570 ppm by the middle of this century [1]. Global surface temperature is expected to rise by 3–4.5 ◦ C [1].
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