Impact of electrochemotherapy in metastatic cutaneous melanoma: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Electrochemotherapy (ECT) harnesses electric pulses to enhance cytotoxic drug delivery into tumors and has entered the armamentarium to treat superficially metastatic melanoma. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess treatment patterns and patient outcomes. Methods PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were queried for publication from inception to September 2020. Primary outcome measures were overall and complete response rate (ORR and CRR); secondary outcomes included local control rate (LCR) and overall survival (OS). Results Twenty-seven studies met the selection criteria for a total of 1161 individuals (mean age 71 years) and 5308 tumors (weighted mean size 14 mm). The majority of patients (n = 1124) underwent bleomycin-ECT. Aggregate ORR was 77.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71.0 − 83.2%) and CRR 48% (95% CI 42 − 54%), with no significant difference between the route of bleomycin administration (ORR, 69.2 vs. 81.9% following intravenous or intratumoral bleomycin, p = .37) and tumor size (p = .69). When reported (n = 8 studies), 1- and 2-year LCR ranged from 54 to 89% and 72 to 74%, respectively, and 1-year OS (n = 3 studies) from 67 to 89%. Conclusions ECT with either intratumoral or intravenous bleomycin confers a high therapeutic response in cutaneous metastatic melanoma. Moderate evidence supports its low toxicity and durability of local control. Highlights Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is associated with a 77% overall response rate (ORR). Intravenous and intratumoral bleomycin are equally effective. There are no relevant toxicity concerns. One-year local tumor control rate ranges from 54 to 89%. Current literature has significant variation in reporting.