Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are currently popular, and their number is growing; therefore, they have an impact on the power system. In this paper, the impact of electric vehicles on a power line connected to photovoltaic (PV) power plants regarding the power losses and voltage level is presented. The study is performed for a power line located in Mureș County, Romania, to which two photovoltaic power plants are connected. Three supply options are available for the power line, which supplies 15 loads. The power demand of the loads is determined with the power meters installed at the load premises. Electric vehicles are also considered to be connected in different points along the power line at the buses with the lowest voltage level. The results give the power losses and voltage levels for the case of when the PV power plants and EVs are connected to the power line, compared with the case when the EVs are not connected to the power line. The power losses were 400% higher in the case where the EVs were connected when the power demand was higher, while the voltage level was 2% lower if the EVs were connected.
Highlights
IntroductionThe number of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased
In the past years, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased
The charging of electric vehicles has an impact on the power system—an impact that can refer to the extra power demand required by these vehicles, power losses, voltage levels, CO2 emissions or investments required in order to upgrade the power system
Summary
The number of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased. The European Union, in 2020, sold over 500,000 EVs, while in 2020, Romania sold over 7000 EVs, and over 6000 EVs in 2019 [1]. These EVs are expensive, but these sales will continue to rise as governments promote them by offering vouchers and tax deductions, and various manufacturers claim to produce only EVs by 2030. EVs can be divided into three categories: hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery-powered electric vehicles (BEV). The difference between them is that the PHEV and BEV can be connected to the main power grid in order to be charged [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Of the total EVs sold in Romania, the majority are HEV; the PHEV and BEV are gaining more and more ground [1]
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