Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) offer great potential to move from fossil fuel dependency in transport once some of the technical barriers related to battery reliability and grid integration are resolved. The European Union has set a target to achieve a 10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 relative to 2005 levels. This target is binding in all the European Union member states. If electric vehicle issues are overcome then the challenge is to use as much renewable energy as possible to achieve this target. In this paper, the impacts of electric vehicle charged in the all-Ireland single wholesale electricity market after the 2020 deadline passes is investigated using a power system dispatch model. For the purpose of this work it is assumed that a 10% electric vehicle target in the Republic of Ireland is not achieved, but instead 8% is reached by 2025 considering the slow market uptake of electric vehicles. Our experimental study shows that the increasing penetration of EVs could contribute to approach the target of the EU and Ireland government on emissions reduction, regardless of different charging scenarios. Furthermore, among various charging scenarios, the off-peak charging is the best approach, contributing 2.07% to the target of 10% reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions by 2025.
Highlights
In recent years, climate changes caused by carbon emissions have attracted considerable attention worldwide [1]
This paper has investigated the impacts of Electric vehicles (EVs) charging on the power system and single wholesale electricity market (SEM) in a future case of 2025
The SEM model and the four EV charging profiles are built in PLEXOS
Summary
Climate changes caused by carbon emissions have attracted considerable attention worldwide [1]. It is believed that electric vehicles (EV) can reduce heavy fossil fuel dependency, support better renewable power integration and reduce GHG emissions. In the Republic of Ireland, a country with a large wind power resource the Irish government set a 10% EV target by 2020 [8]. It is thought that a better reduction in GHG emissionsis achievable and increased security of energy supply by reducing oil imports and more efficient wind power integration may be possible. The CO2 emissions of battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are compared in [9] [10] provides a bottom-up model of EV carbon emissions and energy impacts in the Republic of Ireland. Four different EV charging scenarios are analysed to determine increased renewable energy penetration, the net reduction in CO2 emissions and the percentage contribution to the 2020 target
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