Abstract
The entrepreneurial mindset is known as a state of mind that pushes people into pursuing their entrepreneurial endeavours (Reed and Stoltz, 2011). The aim of this study is to understand the impact of education and training, as well as culture, on adults' entrepreneurial mindset (self-efficacy, fear of failure and perceived opportunities) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. In order to do this, we used a unique global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) dataset. The sample represents 157,340 adult respondents from 17 MENA countries. We examined our hypotheses via a linear regression and linear hierarchical models. In a large part, our results indicate that training shapes individual entrepreneurial mindset more than education, and the training received later in people's lives have more positive influence than the one received during their schooldays. In addition, national entrepreneurial culture positively influences people's entrepreneurial mindset in the MENA region.
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