Abstract
The main efforts of scientists to reduce appliance of nematicides that are commonly found in the markets, led to an increase in the demand safety, effective and environment friendly alternatives. Hence, the present research aims to test three safety and effective substances (Potassium silicate; Furfural and Albendazole) single or in combination in the control of root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita infecting ground cherry plants (Physalis pruinosa L.) under field conditions. The obtained results revealed that all tested materials decreased M. incognita J2 population density. Individual treatments gave average reduction percentages of M. incognita J2 as: Potassium silicate 39.4%; Furfural 55.9% and Albendazole 52.1%. The triple treatment (Potassium silicate + Furfural + Albendazole) gave the best results, as it led to decrease in the number of M. incognita J2 by 72.3% more than that occurred by the chemical nematicide (Oxamyl 24%), which gave a reduction percentage of 65.6%. The triple treatment also led to decrease in the numbers of mature females; egg masses and root gall index by 96.5, 95.4 and 83.3%, respectively, while the Oxamyl 24% gave 86.9, 90.5 and 83.3 %, respectively. In addition, the triple treatment caused improvement in the vegetative and fruiting characteristics of treated plants. Thus, triple treatments can be recommended as a safety alternative for plants and humans instead of chemical nematicides in integrated nematode control programs.
Highlights
Ground cherry, Physalis pruinosa L. (Family: Solanaceae) has economic and therapeutic importance as its fruit protected by an accrescent calyx and covered by a brilliant yellow peel and contains many important vitamins for the body, as it is rich in many beneficial elements for diabetics, strengthening the immune system and reducing high blood pressure (Kumagai et al, 2021; Puente et al, 2011)
This study aims to use safety and effective materials against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita that infecting ground cherry plants, to be used as substituent of chemical nematicides which cause damage to human health
As for the individual treatments, the furfural gave the highest reduction percentage in M. incognita J2 reaching 55.9%, followed by treatment with albendazole (52.1%) and the least effective treatment occurred with potassium silicate which gave 39.4%
Summary
Ground cherry , Physalis pruinosa L. (Family: Solanaceae) has economic and therapeutic importance as its fruit protected by an accrescent calyx and covered by a brilliant yellow peel and contains many important vitamins for the body, as it is rich in many beneficial elements for diabetics, strengthening the immune system and reducing high blood pressure (Kumagai et al, 2021; Puente et al, 2011). Rootknot nematodes attack the roots of Physalis pruinosa plants, causing damage and great economic loss (Abo-Korah, 2017). Silicon (Si) considered as the second element after oxygen in the percentage of its presence in the earth's crust and reduces the toxic effect on plants caused by increased salinity; dehydration and exposure to heavy metals (Ye et al, 2013). Silicon increases the ability of plants to withstand temperatures and droughts; prevent the. M.S. Abo-Korah penetration of fungi, bacteria and nematodes into the cortex of plants, as it is concentrated at the site of penetration of the pest and prevents it from income and reduce the incidence of diseases (Gad, 2019). It is considered to have a major role in increasing plant resistance to pests (Dannon and Wydra, 2004)
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