Impact of Ecological Factors on Immunohematological Parameters in Pregnant Cows

Abstract

The objective of the survey is to assess the impact of ecological factors on the immunohematological parameters in cows in the second half of gestation. A complex of changes in the composition of blood and the body’s immunoreactivity in all of the examined animals under the effects of pollutants was revealed. Physiological anemia syndrome in pregnancy at different levels of severity was observed. Thus, the hemoglobin concentrations comprising 81.50 ± 1.71 and 85.50 ± 5.10 g/L were recorded in 20 and 35% of cases, respectively. In the white blood structure, a 23% increase in the stab neutrophil content was recorded, while both eosinophil and monocyte blood counts showed an increase by 5%. In addition, a shift of segmented neutrophils and white blood cells to the upper limit of a physiological norm was observed. Activation of the phagocytic component of the immune system in the body’s total immunoreactivity was recorded. The number of phagocytic cells at absorbance of 9.02 ± 2.05 relative units made up 52.05 ± 5.04%. The relative numbers of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes tended to decrease to 39.50 ± 4.15 and 25.05 ± 2.14%, respectively. The average value for the concentration of circulating immune complexes comprised 121.45 ± 8.12 relative units. The white blood T-cell index was in the range of 4.80–7.04 relative units, which corresponded to the body’s normoergic state. The expression levels of hematological variables depended heavily on the location of the farm where the animals were kept. The recorded changes in the blood and immune systems of the pregnant cows were not pathological since they were of a transient nature, which was caused by the physiological state of females and the evolution of compensatory and adaptive responses under the reference adverse environmental impact.