Impact of Eastern Congo Ebola Outbreak on Child Health Services Delivery: Decline of Routine Child Immunization and Need for Vaccine

Abstract

Background An Ebola disaster, the deadliest in the history of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is unfolding in North Kivu and Ituri provinces. An interdisciplinary research team investigated the impact of the Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreak on vital health services delivery under the coordination of DRC National Vaccination Program, Ministry of Health. We report on the impact of the ongoing Eastern Congo EVD outbreak on routine child immunization in the EVD-affected in North Kivu province, DRC. Methods This was a retrospective longitudinal study consisting in a time-trend analysis that was conducted in 40 public health facilities that organize routine child immunization in four of the 34 ‘Health Zones’ of the North Kivu province, namely Beni, Butembo, Katwa and Mabalako. Data were collected during two distinct 3-month periods: the “pre-Ebola period” (1 May through July 2018) and the “Ebola period” (1 August through October 2018), to compare the vaccination trends. Mean number of vaccine doses administered in pre-Ebola and Ebola periods were compared (unpaired t test). Results Compared to the “pre-Ebola period”, overall monthly mean vaccines uptake dropped during the “Ebola period”: BCG (157.1 ± 150.3 vs. 227.5 ± 138.4; p<0.0001), Oral polio (OPV: 505.1 ± 474.6 vs. 631.3 ± 353.9; p<0.001), Measles vaccine (147.6 ± 126.7 vs. 184.7 ± 102.5; p<0.001), pneumoccocal vaccine (PCV13: 445.8 ± 395.5 vs. 554.3 ± 299.8; p<0.001) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV: 183.9 ± 141 vs. 153.9 ± 146.6; p<0.01). Furthermore, when considering the trend in child immunization in each of the four Health Zones during ‘Ebola period’, vaccine uptake shrank considerably in most health zones, whereas a complete disruption of vaccine delivery was observed in Mabalako health zone where the epicenter of this outbreak is located.