Impact of Dissipation on Universal Fluctuation Dynamics in Open Quantum Systems.

Abstract

Recent theoretical and experimental works have explored universal dynamics related to surface growth physics in isolated quantum systems. In this Letter, we theoretically elucidate that dissipation drastically alters universal particle-number-fluctuation dynamics associated with surface-roughness growth in one-dimensional free fermions and bosons. In a system under dephasing that causes loss of spatial coherence, we numerically find that a universality class of surface-roughness dynamics changes from the ballistic class to a class with the Edwards-Wilkinson scaling exponents and an unconventional scaling function. We provide the analytical derivation of the diffusion equation from the dephasing Lindblad equation via a renormalization-group technique and succeed in explaining the drastic change. Furthermore, we numerically find the same change of the universality class under a more nontrivial dissipation, i.e., symmetric incoherent hopping.