Abstract
We investigated direct butane power generation for microtubular solid oxide fuel cells with a diameter of less than 2 mm. Conventional Ni-stabilized zirconia anodes deteriorated rapidly over a period of 3–4 h at 610 °C and a low steam/carbon (S/C) ratio of 0.044 in butane due to a large amount of carbon deposition. For the Ni–Gd doped ceria (Ni–GDC) anode, the power could be generated continuously for more than 24 h at 610 °C and S/C = 0.044 in butane. The rate of carbon deposition for the Ni–GDC was slower than that for the Ni-stabilized zirconia at 610 °C. Ceria can be reduced from Ce4+ to Ce3+, which causes the suppression of carbon deposition on the Ni–GDC anode in butane at low humidity.
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