Abstract
This study examines whether there are significant differences in intensity and destructiveness of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China in central Pacific warm (CPW), eastern Pacific warm (EPW) and La Niña (LA) years. By analyzing different seasons and locations of TCs making landfall over China, it was found that TCs in LA years generally had a larger power dissipation index (PDI) and may cause more disasters in China, while TCs in EPW years had a larger PDI over South China in autumn. A larger PDI of TCSC (landing location in Southern China) usually occurred in EPW years and a larger PDI of TCEC (landing location in Eastern China) occurred in LA years, compared with CPW years. The TCs in LA years were generally stronger, more frequent, and of longer duration over China, because of the positive relative humidity (RH) anomalies, the significant anomalous cyclone that occupied the South China Sea (SCS), and the easterly wind anomalies providing a beneficial steering flow for TCs making landfall. In EPW years, although TCs were less frequent, they had stronger intensity when making landfall and a longer lifetime over land which was mainly caused by a broad band of anomalous westerlies over the SCS giving rise to a belt of positive relative vorticity anomalies, as well as the slow translation speed of TCs before landfall supplying more energy for TCs to survive over land. Overall, we conclude that greater caution is warranted when TCs occur in LA and EPW years, as they may result in more serious disasters in China.
Highlights
Tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls result in strong wind gusts and heavy rainfall, causing major disasters including floods, landslides, and storm surges
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of different types of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (CPW, eastern Pacific warm (EPW), and La Niña (LA)) years on the intensity changes of landfalling TCs over China
There were a markedly larger power dissipation index (PDI) of TCSC occurred in EPW years and a larger PDI of TCEC usually occurred in LA years, compared with central Pacific warm (CPW) years, which were all significant over 80% confidence level (Table 2)
Summary
Tropical cyclone (TC) landfalls result in strong wind gusts and heavy rainfall, causing major disasters including floods, landslides, and storm surges. Li and Wang [35] further examined large-scale atmospheric responses to two types of ENSO events and studied their impact on TC activity in the western North Pacific by an atmospheric general circulation model. They claimed that the positive TC formation anomaly in CP El Niño shifts to the west in a pattern very different from EP El Niño. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of different types of ENSO (CPW, EPW, and LA) years on the intensity changes of landfalling TCs over China.
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