Abstract
Previous studies reported that positive phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) tend to accompany El Nino during boreal autumn. Here we show that the El Nino/IOD relationship can be better understood when considering the two different El Nino flavors. Eastern-Pacific (EP) El Nino events exhibit a strong correlation with the IOD dependent on their magnitude. In contrast, the relationship between Central-Pacific (CP) El Nino events and the IOD depends mainly on the zonal location of the sea surface temperature anomalies rather than their magnitude. CP El Nino events lying further west than normal are not accompanied by significant anomalous easterlies over the eastern Indian Ocean along the Java/Sumatra coast, which is unfavorable for the local Bjerknes feedback and correspondingly for an IOD development. The El Nino/IOD relationship has experienced substantial changes due to the recent decadal El Nino regime shift, which has important implications for seasonal prediction.
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