Abstract
Introduction: Most electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarette) are designed to look like traditional cigarettes and simulate the visual, sensory, and behavioral aspects of smoking traditional cigarettes. This research aimed to explore whether different e-cigarette models and smokers' usual classic cigarettes can impact on cognitive performances, craving and gesture.Methods: The study is randomized cross-over trial designed to compare cognitive performances, craving, and gesture in subjects who used first generation electronic cigarettes, second generation electronic cigarettes with their usual cigarettes. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01735487).Results: Cognitive performance was not affected by “group condition.” Within-group repeated measures analyses showed a significant time effect, indicating an increase of participants' current craving measure in group “usual classic cigarettes (group C),” “disposable cigalike electronic cigarette loaded with cartridges with 24 mg nicotine (group H), second generation electronic cigarette, personal vaporizer model Ego C, loaded with liquid nicotine 24 mg (group E). Measures of gesture not differ over the course of the experiment for all the products under investigationConclusion: All cognitive measures attention, executive function and working memory are not influenced by the different e-cigarette and gender showing that in general electronics cigarettes could become a strong support also from a cognitive point of view for those who decide to quit smoking. It seems that not only craving and other smoke withdrawal symptoms but also cognitive performance is not only linked to the presence of nicotine; this suggests that the reasons behind the dependence and the related difficulty to quit smoking needs to be looked into also other factors like the gesture.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01735487.
Highlights
Most electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarette) are designed to look like traditional cigarettes and simulate the visual, sensory, and behavioral aspects of smoking traditional cigarettes
We used three neurocognitive tests (WCST, Continuous Performance Test—AX version (CPT-AX), N-BACK) to compare cognitive performances in subjects who used first generation rechargeable cigalike, ecigarettes, loaded with cartridges 24 mg nicotine, tobacco aroma, second generation, disposable cigalike electronic cigarette loaded with cartridges with 24 mg nicotine, tobacco aroma, second
E-Cigarette, Cognition, Craving, Withdrawal, Gesture n-back-2/Own classic cigarettes n-back-2/Second generation, disposable cigalike electronic cigarette loaded with cartridges with 24 mg nicotine n-back-2/First generation rechargeable cigalike, e-cigarettes, loaded with cartridges 24 mg nicotine n-back-2/Second generation disposable cigalike electronic cigarette loaded with cartridges with 0 mg nicotine, mint aroma n-back-2/Personal vaporizer, model Ego C, loaded with liquid nicotine 24 mg, tobacco aroma
Summary
Most electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarette) are designed to look like traditional cigarettes and simulate the visual, sensory, and behavioral aspects of smoking traditional cigarettes. Most E-cigarettes are designed to look like traditional cigarettes and simulate the visual, sensory, and behavioral aspects of smoking traditional cigarettes (Caponnetto et al, 2013a). Several studies has reported that the electronic cigarette helped in smoking cessation and smoking reduction (Polosa et al, 2011, 2013; Caponnetto et al, 2013b). These notions, indicate that the e-cigarettes may be an effective and safe cigarette substitute, and merits further evaluation for this purpose. Some researchers studied the gratification as a variable to quit smoking (Mueller et al, 2009; Wilson et al, 2015)
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