Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the association between the source of dietary fat and blood pressure for Chinese people aged between 30–59 with the aim of elucidating methods of hypertension prevention.DesignProspective cohort study using national survey data.Participants1,104 adults aged between 30–59 with normal blood pressures in 2006 were included in the study. Adults with history of prehypertension, hypertension, or were taking hypertension drugs in 2006 were excluded. Participants with implausibly high or low daily total energy intakes (<600 kcal/d or >5000 kcal/d) were excluded. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and people with motor impairment were excluded.ResultsPeople with abnormal blood pressure ingested a lower percent of dietary fat taken from seafood (P < 0.001) and a higher percent of dietary fat taken from fast food (P < 0.001). Dietary fat obtained from seafood and dairy products can be protective against abnormal blood pressure with a RR = 0.01 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.25; P = 0.004) for seafood, and RR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.44; P = 0.001) for egg, milk, and dairy products.ConclusionSeafood, egg, milk, and dairy products can be recommended as sources of dietary fat to reduce the incidence of hypertension and prehypertension while fast food should be avoided.
Highlights
China has been suffering from a continuous increase in the incidence of hypertension in recent decades
People with abnormal blood pressure ingested a lower percent of dietary fat taken from seafood (P < 0.001) and a higher percent of dietary fat taken from fast food (P < 0.001)
Dietary fat obtained from seafood and dairy products can be protective against abnormal blood pressure with a RR = 0.01 for seafood, and RR = 0.14 for egg, milk, and dairy products
Summary
China has been suffering from a continuous increase in the incidence of hypertension in recent decades. The 6 national hypertension surveys conducted between 1958 and 2015 reflected a continuous increase in the prevalence of hypertension. The latest China Hypertension Survey conducted between 2012 and 2015 covers 451,755 adults from 31 provinces [1]. The survey found that 27.9% of Chinese adults have hypertension. The National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases estimates the total number of hypertension patients is 245 million in 2018 [2]. A growth of hypertension incidence among middle-aged people has been observed [3].
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