Abstract
Electric vehicles represent a necessary alternative for wheeled transportation to meet the global and national targets specified in the Paris Agreement of 2016. However, the high concentration of electric vehicles exposes their harmful effects on the power grid. This reflects negatively on electricity market prices, making the charging of electric vehicles less cost-effective. This study investigates the economic potential of different charging strategies for an existing office site in Austria with multiple charging infrastructures. For this purpose, a proper mathematical representation of the investigated case study is needed in order to define multiple optimization problems that are able to determine the financial potential of different charging strategies. This paper presents a method to implement electric vehicles and stationary battery storage in optimization problems with the exclusive use of linear relationships and applies it to a real-life use case with measured data to prove its effectiveness. Multiple aspects of four charging strategies are investigated, and sensitivity analyses are performed. The results show that the management of the electric vehicles charging processes leads to overall costs reduction of more than 30% and an increase in specific power-related grid prices makes the charging processes management more convenient.
Highlights
The global warming and the increasing GHG emission challenges in recent years are expected to be an accelerator for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more sustainable alternative for wheeled transportation around the world [1,2,3,4]
This paper presents the mathematical implementation of EVs and stationary battery storages (SBSs) in optimization problems, which aim to minimize the overall costs of their operation, applying peak shaving and load shifting to aggregated charging infrastructures
This paper presents the monetary potential of different EVs charging strategies for an existing
Summary
The global warming and the increasing GHG emission challenges in recent years are expected to be an accelerator for the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more sustainable alternative for wheeled transportation around the world [1,2,3,4]. The transport sector consumes one-third of the final energy in the European Union and is responsible for a large share of the European’s greenhouse gas emissions This makes transport one of the major contributors to climate change [5]. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) affirms that wheeled transportation produces more than 70% of the overall greenhouse gas emissions from transport [6]. Because of their significant environmental advantages, numerous countries are working on different strategies to make EVs monetarily more convenient than traditional wheeled vehicles [7]
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