Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in women, although lower than in men, increases dramatically after the menopause. Diabetes mellitus is a more powerful predictor of CHD risk and prognosis in women than in men. The aim of this study was to promote diet and physical activity (PA) regimen in order to decrease coronary risk in next years in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance. Methodological approach of this research is to compare data gathered trough prospective and retrospective analysis of anamnestic data, clinical research, diagnostic tests and biochemical parameters of 100 examinees, regarding the glycoregulation, lipid status, body mass indexes, incidence of hypertension, uric acid and fibrinogen level. The SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) assessment system is derived from a large dataset of prospective European studies and predicts any kind of fatal CVD events over a ten-year period. It was documented that the then year risk of fatal CVD exerted a shift toward the lower percent value in postmenopausal women after proposed diet/PA regimen. In pre-menopausal women the estimated ten year risk of fatal CVD by SCORE was shifted toward the level below 1%. The risk of 15% and above was not documented after diet/physical activity regimen. The prevalence of the atherogenic lipid markers at the beginning and the end of the assay decreased for all investigated lipid parameters in the group of pre-menopausal women what was more than in postmenopausal ones. Presented data indicate that dietary regimen and physical activity are crucial factors in CVD prevention throughout menopause and beyond. Behavioral changes aimed at decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure, should be implemented in pre-menopausal period of life.
Highlights
Significant advances in knowledge in interventions aimed to prevent female-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) were pointed out after the first recommendations for preventive cardiology in ( )
In the current study we tried to determine the impact of lipid status, glycoregulation body weight and hypertension as a risk of fatal CVD among postmenopausal women
The SCORE ( Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) risk assessment system is derived from a large dataset of prospective European studies and predicts any kind of fatal atherosclerotic end-point i.e. fatal CVD events over a tenyear period
Summary
Significant advances in knowledge in interventions aimed to prevent female-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) were pointed out after the first recommendations for preventive cardiology in ( ). According to the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)( ) and a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC)( ), the primary cardiovascular risk factors in women are: personal history of CHD; Age over ; dyslipidemia: high LDL and/or low HDL; family history of premature CHD and diabetes mellitus; smoking; hypertension and peripheral vascular disease. Their assessment should be an important component of periodic health examinations. Using SCORE it is possible to produce risk charts tailored for individual countries which may provide reliable national mortality informations
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