Abstract
Summary Background and aims A healthy diet is recommended for the management of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Whether a healthy diet contributes to risk factor control has seldom been assessed. We aimed at assessing the dietary intake of subjects treated for cardiovascular risk factors according to their control levels. Methods Cross-sectional data from two periods (2009-2012 and 2014-2017) of a population-based study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants medically treated for hypertension, dyslipidaemia or diabetes were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a self-administered, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and compared between participants controlled and not controlled for their risk factor. Results After multivariable adjustment, controlled hypertension was associated with a higher compliance with fish consumption in the second period: odds ratio and (95% CI): 1.41 (1.08-1.85). Controlled dyslipidaemia was associated with a higher compliance with fish consumption in both periods: 1.68 (1.13-2.49) and 2.13 (1.24-3.66) for the first and the second period, respectively, and with at least three dietary guidelines in the second period: 2.32 (1.04-5.19). Controlled diabetes was associated with a lower consumption of total fat (32.7±0.7 vs. 35.6±0.6% of total energy intake), SFA and MUFA in the first period, and with a lower vegetable consumption and compliance with vegetables intake in the second period: 0.23 (0.06-0.82). No difference was found for most dietary markers for the three risk factors in both periods. Conclusion Dietary intake differed little between participants with controlled and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors. Increased fish consumption might be beneficial to help control hypertension and dyslipidaemia.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide
The reasons for exclusion are presented in panel A of supporting information: Figures 1 and 2, and the characteristics of included and excluded participants are summarized in supporting information: Tables 1 and 2 for the first and the second follow-ups, respectively
Participants with controlled hypertension had a higher likelihood of complying with the guideline regarding fish consumption, while a trend (P1⁄40.051) remained for consumption of fish and vegetables
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Several meta-analyses have shown that adequate dietary intake is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension [5] and diabetes [6], and are effective in reducing lipid levels [7]. We aimed at assessing the dietary intake of subjects treated for cardiovascular risk factors according to their control levels. Results: After multivariable adjustment, controlled hypertension was associated with a higher compliance with fish consumption in the second period: odds ratio and (95% CI): 1.41 (1.08e1.85). Controlled dyslipidaemia was associated with a higher compliance with fish consumption in both periods: 1.68 (1.13e2.49) and 2.13 (1.24e3.66) for the first and the second period, respectively, and with at least three dietary guidelines in the second period: 2.32 (1.04e5.19). Conclusion: Dietary intake differed little between participants with controlled and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
