Impact of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Coronary Artery Disease on Tooth Extraction after Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment

Abstract

Introduction Limited prospective data are available on the long-term prognosis of teeth receiving nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) in patients with systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and coronary artery disease (CAD). This prospective study aimed to elucidate the impact of systemic diseases on the risk of tooth extraction after NSRCT. Methods A total of 49,334 NSRCT teeth were randomly selected from databank in October 2003 and were followed for 2 years for tooth extraction after NSRCT. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of tooth extraction after NSRCT. Results Of the 49,334 teeth, 1592 (3.2%) were extracted during the 2-year follow-up period, yielding a 2-year tooth retention rate of 96.8%. We found that DM (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79), HT (HR, 1.75), and CAD (HR, 1.70) were significant risk factors for tooth extraction after NSRCT (all P values <.0001) in univariate Cox proportional analyses. After adjustment for age, gender, and tooth type in multivariate analyses, DM (HR, 1.29) and HT (HR, 1.18) remained as independent risk factors (both P values <.05). Simultaneous possession of 2 diseases of DM, HT, and CAD was a significant and robust predictor for an increased long-term risk of tooth extraction after NSRCT ( P for trend <.001). Conclusions An increased risk of tooth extraction after NSRCT is significantly associated with DM, HT, and CAD individually. Moreover, the constellation of systemic disease burden also manifests the importance in addition to other potential confounders.