Abstract
High-performance perovskite solar cells are strongly dependent on the quality of the perovskite layer. Two-step sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films is widely used to fabricate perovskite solar cells and many factors influence the quality of perovskite films, such as the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase, which would impact the morphology and photo-physical properties of perovskite thin films. Here, the experimental research indicates that the impact of the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase on the quality, crystallinity, and photo-physical properties of perovskite film is crucial. During the delay process, the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase plays an important role in the nucleation process of perovskite grains inside the intermediate phase. With the extension of the delay time before annealing, the quality of the perovskite film deteriorates, thus the photo-physical properties change. We found that after the localized liquid–liquid diffusion of MAI and PbI2, with the extension of the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase, the nucleation number of the perovskite grains increases and the grain size becomes smaller. Therefore, with the extension of the delay time before annealing, the device performance deteriorates.
Highlights
At present, with the development of the photovoltaic industry and the amazing progress of device manufacturing, research on perovskite solar cells has attracted wide interest, and the performance of these devices has improved significantly in the past few years
From previous research, we indicate the impact of the delay time before annealing the MAI-PbI2 -dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intermediate phase on perovskite film quality and photo-physical properties for solar cells [15]
We found that the perovskite films made with three different delay times have CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite crystal diffraction peaks
Summary
With the development of the photovoltaic industry and the amazing progress of device manufacturing, research on perovskite solar cells has attracted wide interest, and the performance of these devices has improved significantly in the past few years. The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has jumped from 3.8% to 23.7% in the short term. There are many factors that impact the performance of perovskite solar cells, such as the ability to form high-quality perovskite thin films, which is critical to research and development in this area [4,6]. Most of the research work is directed toward the development of perovskite-based solar cells. The growth and properties of CH3 NH3 PbI3 are important for the development of perovskite solar cells. This triggered our motivation to research the two-step sequential solution process for the preparation of CH3 NH3 PbI3 thin films using bare glass substrates and fluorine-doped SnO2
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